Pantheon

The Pantheon is one of Rome's most iconic and best-preserved ancient buildings. Originally built as a temple to all Roman gods, it has been in continuous use as a Catholic church since the 7th century. The most striking feature is its massive concrete dome with a central opening (oculus) that lets in natural light and rain. Inside, you'll find the tombs of notable figures including the artist Raphael and two Italian kings. The interior's geometric harmony and the play of light through the oculus create a serene, almost otherworldly atmosphere. Unlike many ancient ruins, the Pantheon feels alive and integrated into modern Rome, with the piazza in front bustling with cafés and street musicians. It's a must-see for anyone interested in architecture, history, or simply experiencing a place where ancient and modern Rome seamlessly meet.

Don't miss

• Stand directly under the oculus and look up at the open sky
• See the tomb of Raphael, the Renaissance painter
• Admire the original marble floor and geometric patterns
• Notice the bronze doors, which are original Roman work
• Visit early morning or late afternoon for dramatic light effects

Know before you go

• The Pantheon can get very crowded; arrive early or late in the day.
• Photography is allowed, but no flash or tripods inside.
• As an active church, modest dress is required (cover shoulders and knees).
• When it rains, water enters through the oculus, it's part of the experience, but bring an umbrella if rain is forecast.

A bit of history

Built around 126 AD under Emperor Hadrian, the Pantheon replaced an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa. It has been a church since 609 AD, which helped preserve it through the Middle Ages. The dome remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.